Referral workflow inefficiencies, including misaligned referrals and delays, contribute to suboptimal patient outcomes and higher healthcare costs. In this study, we investigated the possibility of predicting procedural needs based on primary care diagnostic entries, thereby improving referral accuracy, streamlining workflows, and providing better care to patients. A de-identified dataset of 2,086 orthopedic referrals from the University of Texas Health at Tyler was analyzed using machine learning models built on Base General Embeddings (BGE) for semantic extraction. To ensure real-world applicability, noise tolerance experiments were conducted, and oversampling techniques were employed to mitigate class imbalance. The selected optimum and parsimonious embedding model demonstrated high predictive accuracy (ROC-AUC: 0.874, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC): 0.540), effectively distinguishing patients requiring surgical intervention. Dimensionality reduction techniques confirmed the model's ability to capture meaningful clinical relationships. A threshold sensitivity analysis identified an optimal decision threshold (0.30) to balance precision and recall, maximizing referral efficiency. In the predictive modeling analysis, the procedure rate increased from 11.27% to an optimal 60.1%, representing a 433% improvement with significant implications for operational efficiency and healthcare revenue. The results of our study demonstrate that referral optimization can enhance primary and surgical care integration. Through this approach, precise and timely predictions of procedural requirements can be made, thereby minimizing delays, improving surgical planning, and reducing administrative burdens. In addition, the findings highlight the potential of clinical decision support as a scalable solution for improving patient outcomes and the efficiency of the healthcare system.

The study of dynamics of single active particles plays an important role in the development of artificial or hybrid micro-systems for bio-medical and other applications at micro-scale. Here, we utilize the results of these studies to better understand their implications for the specific application of drug delivery. We analyze the variations in the capture efficiency for different types of motion dynamics without inter-particle interactions and compare the results. We also discuss the reasons for the same and describe the specific parameters that affect the capture efficiency, which in turn helps in both hardware and control design of a micro-bot swarm system for drug delivery.